Second Enlightenment
The thread "Second Enlightenment" (SE) is destined to discuss the rationality of SE as well as to inquire into the sources of the irrational manipulation of masses and to look for remediation. Its basic structure is: X1. Scientific Revolution X2. Ontology X3. Ideology X4. Social awareness X5. Establishment with X=F/S respectively for the first/second enlightenment. We start by the first enlightenment as guidance to the formulation of the second and warning of errors to be avoided. The present section deals with the step F3 of the first enlightenment Ideology is the best known domain of the First Enlightenment, due to its impact on subsequent revolutionary events and changes of social and political structures. However, chronology did not respect the foundations order: Kant came too late for Voltaire, Diderot, Montesqieu and Rousseau. Lacking consistent foundations, the ideology reflects uncritically current controversies: its apparently rational form and declarations conceal noumenal utopianism. It radically detached itself from the Scientific Revolution and its phenomenal principles. However brilliantly Voltaire ridiculed Dogmatism, his criticism was negative, without suggesting any substitute. Diderot and the Encyclopedia advocated rather arbitrarily the social utility and attacked tradition without formulating any positive remedy. Montesquieu believed dogmatically that all consisted of perpetual rules or laws and argued, not less dogmatically, that England's constitutional monarchy was an ideal model of society, that women were inferior and that the essential inequality of people justified slavery. Noumenalistic Utopia of Rousseau had the greatest and most direct influence on the French Revolution. Oblivious of its rational roots, the ideology of the First Enlightenment slipped almost entirely into dogmatic irrationality.

Reaction of dogmatism.
Failing to eradicate dogmatism, first enlightenment collapsed under its reactionary assaults which went on uninterrupted till 19th century dominated by dogmatic obscurantism. French revolution triggered by enlightenment' s ideology radically denied its roots replacing Rousseaus with Robespierres. Dogmatic reaction reached its apogee in "Great German Idealism" starting with Fichte's concept of Romanticism. While enlightened rationality sees reflection as interplay of imagination and inference, romanticism ablated the latter, leaving Reason standing on one imaginary, emotional leg. Romanticism is known mainly as esthetic current praising spontaneous improvisation, but in that aspect it had no noticeable practical impact. It's true that romanticist artists followed innovated rules, but they applied them as meticulously as their predecessors. Chopin did not learn his music from Fichte. He applied partially new, but not less strict rules than Mozart or Bach and deemed that good improvisation presupposes skill gained by years of rigorous training. The same holds for Liszt, Tchaikovsky, Pushkin, Mickiewicz, Byron, Delacroix, Gainsborough and all romanticist artists. Romanticism impacted principally the Socio-Political. Fichte, the father of Romanticism, preached Nationalism and became the flagship of Nazism. His famous student, Hegel, became, with a bit of Engels' assistance, the prophet of Gulag empires. All in all, about 200 million were romantically and idealistically slaughtered and the underlying dogmatic fanaticism gets every day stronger.