In one of the letters written to the Infeld group in Warsaw Einstein wrote:
"A new manner of thinking is essential if humankind is to survive."

  
     Historical Foundations

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PRECIS OF RD. HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS.
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0 INTRODUCTION.
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Human being distinguishes himself from other living 
creatures mainly by his reason. During his 
prehistory he applied it unconsciously, just 
happening to be more ingenious than other animals, 
without worrying about the why's and the how's of it. 
Prehistory switches to history when reason becomes 
conscious, aware of itself. For our culture this 
milestone corresponds with the beginning of the 
Greek philosophy.

Now, history appeared for a long time to be 
accidental. It seemed to be governed by 
"Cleopatra's nose", by some king happening to be 
more cunning than another, by sudden rain making 
some road too muddy for artillery. In this state 
history could be merely described, but not 
rigorously, scientifically investigated. First trial 
to approach it as a science is due to Marx, who 
proposed the "means of production" or, as we would 
say today "technology", as an objective criterion 
allowing to distinguish among various historical 
epochs and to explain their transitions. 

However, this criterion, restricted to economy, 
indeed to its part concerned with production, seems 
to narrow. Human being is more than a mule turning 
in a treadmill, than a honey gathering bee. Or, to 
stay within RD terminology, "technology" is purely 
"objective" and leaves the "subjective" term of the 
Dichotomy "Human Situation" undetermined.
 
Therefore we propose to supplement it with a 
"subjective" criterion, which we shall call 
"SPECIFIC DOMAIN" of human Reason. In order to 
define it let's have a look at the history starting 
with the origins of the Greek philosophy.

At its very beginning, the intellectual 
interrogation was restricted to one single domain: 
philosophy. One started soon to distinguish within 
it various sub_domains: ontology, epistemology 
(theory of cognition), ethic, aesthetic, logic. 
Nevertheless, they stayed parts of philosophy and 
continued to be approached with a unique, purely 
speculative methodology. At the next step some 
domains got emancipated and established themselves 
as independent disciplines with proper methodology, 
usually more rigorous and experimental, more
scientific, than pure speculation. First of them 
were MATHEMATICS, ASTRONOMY and POLITICS in Greece. 
Shortly afterwards ETHIC established itself as LAW 
in Rome. Middle Age saw the emancipation of 
THEOLOGY, with its proper scholastic methodology 
(exceptionally not more scientific). Renaissance 
started the emancipation of Objective Science and 
the 19_th century that of Psychology and Logic, 
where by "Logic" we understand traditional logic,
that of Cantorian Paradise, prior to the Crisis.

Current established view considers Logic as the 
last emancipated domain and leaves to philosophy 
its two remaining domains: ONTOLOGY and 
EPISTEMOLOGY.

We define SPECIFIC DOMAIN as the last emancipated 
domain and propose it as supplementary criterion of 
classification of historical epochs. Consequently,
each stable epoch will be associated with a SPECIFIC 
DOMAIN and each transition with a new domain raising 
claims to independence. Transitions may be 
revolutionary, when the old SPECIFIC DOMAIN will not 
give up and the new has to struggle for emancipation.

Thus, we may refer to Middle Age as to the epoch of 
THEOLOGY, and to Renaissance as to OBJECTIVE SCIENCE 
revolution. Indeed, the theological Middle Age used 
all available social and political means to oppose 
the new scientific ideology. No prior period saw as 
many stakes, no one had more appearances of Middle 
Age than Renaissance. As a rule, the obsolete 
SPECIFIC DOMAIN comes to its apogee when it is still 
socially, but no more intellectually ruling. All 
established institutions are still founded upon 
obsolete principles, the new domain manifests itself 
via a few individuals such as Copernicus, Galileo, 
Keppler and Leonardo da Vinci, who are persecuted 
and sometimes murdered as Giordano Bruno; fanaticism 
and intolerance propagate themselves through the 
masses. The old domain seems to triumph just before 
abdicating.

Finally OBJECTIVE SCIENCE won and established itself 
as the SPECIFIC_ DOMAIN of the epoch of Rationalism. 
Further transitions followed. The limited scope of 
this chapter forces us to skip them and to pass 
directly to the contemporary situation.

As we have said above, Logic is the last officially 
established domain.  We live officially in a logical 
world. Logic based set theory is the official 
foundation of mathematics, which, in turn claim to 
be the most fundamental science. Human beings are 
classified, discriminated and exterminated on the 
base of absolute logical concepts, such as race,
nation or religion. Informatics is considered as 
applied predicate calculus, a branch of symbolic 
Logic.

Contrarily to this established opinion it is our 
thesis that:

WE LIVE CURRENTLY AMID THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL REVOLUTION.

According to our definition this means that 
EPISTEMOLOGY became unofficially the SPECIFIC DOMAIN 
of our time, that the social, scientific and
technological development have revealed new aspects 
of existence which cannot more be grasped and 
investigated with help of Logic, but require some 
other more conform context. This context, the 
applied EPISTEMOLOGY, has already been developed 
and is locally used by small intellectual elite in 
chosen, deepest scientific domains, mainly in 
physics. However, society, environment and related 
domains decisive for the future of mankind consider 
their main problems as logical contradictions and 
consequently disregard them as unsolvable. 

Relativistic Dialectic is a trial to define the
essentials of applied EPISTEMOLOGY and to show how 
it allows to investigate and to solve problems 
which appear to Logic as untreatable contradictions. 

The term REVOLUTION applies to our context 
literally: contemporary fanatical discrimination 
and extermination of hundreds of millions making 
Renaissance and Inquisition look like children play 
is one of social manifestations of Logic based 
dogmatic ideologies defending their obsolete 
establishment.
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