Human being distinguishes himself from other living creatures mainly by his reason. During his prehistory he applied it unconsciously, just happening to be more ingenious than other animals, without worrying about the why's and the how's of it. Prehistory switches to history when reason becomes conscious, aware of itself. For our culture this milestone corresponds with the beginning of the Greek Philosophy. Now, history appeared for a long time to be accidental. It seemed to be governed by "Cleopatra's nose", by some king happening to be more cunning than another, by sudden rain making some road too muddy for artillery. In this state history could be merely described, but not rigorously, scientifically investigated.

      First trial to approach it as a science is due to Marx, who proposed the "means of production" or, as we would say today "technology", as an objective criterion allowing to distinguish among various historical epochs and to explain their transitions. However, this criterion, restricted to economy, indeed to its part concerned with production, seems too narrow. Human being is more than a mule turning in a treadmill, than a honey gathering bee. Or, to use by anticipation RD terminology, "technology" is "objective" and leaves the "subjective" term of the Dichotomy "Human Situation" undetermined. Therefore we propose to supplement it with a "subjective" criterion, which we shall call "SPECIFIC DOMAIN" of human Reason. In order to define it let's have a look at the history starting with the origins of the Greek Philosophy. At its very beginning, the intellectual interrogation was restricted to one single domain: Philosophy. One started soon to distinguish within it various sub_domains: ontology, epistemology (theory of cognition), ethic, aesthetic, logic.

       Nevertheless, they stayed parts of Philosophy and continued to be approached with a unique, purely speculative methodology. At the next step some domains got emancipated and established themselves as independent disciplines with proper methodology, usually more rigorous and experimental, more scientific, than pure speculation. First of them were MATHEMATICS, ASTRONOMY and POLITICS in Greece. Shortly afterwards ETHIC established itself as LAW in Rome. Middle Age saw the emancipation of THEOLOGY, with its proper scholastic methodology (exceptionally not more scientific). Renaissance started the emancipation of Objective Science and the 19_th century that of Psychology and Logic, where by "Logic" we understand traditional logic, that of Cantorian Paradise, prior to the Crisis discussed in "Lost Paradise". Current established view considers Logic as the last emancipated domain and leaves to Philosophy its two remaining domains: ONTOLOGY and EPISTEMOLOGY. We define SPECIFIC DOMAIN as the last emancipated domain and propose it as supplementary criterion of classification of historical epochs. Consequently, each stable epoch will be associated with a SPECIFIC DOMAIN and each transition with a new domain raising claims to independence.

         Transitions may be revolutionary, when the old SPECIFIC DOMAIN will not give up and the new has to struggle for emancipation. Thus, we may refer to Middle Age as to the epoch of THEOLOGY, and to Renaissance as to OBJECTIVE SCIENCE revolution. Indeed, the theological Middle Age used all available social and political means to oppose the new scientific ideology. No prior period saw as many stakes, no one had more appearances of Middle Age than Renaissance. As a rule, the obsolete SPECIFIC DOMAIN comes to its apogee when it is still socially, but no more intellectually ruling. All established institutions are still founded upon obsolete principles, the new domain pervades via a few individuals such as Copernicus, Galileo, Keppler and Leonardo da Vinci, who are persecuted and sometimes murdered like Giordano Bruno; fanaticism and intolerance propagate themselves through the masses. The old domain seems to triumph just before abdicating. Finally OBJECTIVE SCIENCE won and established itself as the SPECIFIC_ DOMAIN of the epoch of Rationalism. Further transitions followed. The limited scope of this chapter forces us to skip them and to pass directly to the contemporary situation. As we have said above, Logic is the last officially established domain.

        Unfortunately, the emancipated allegedly "scientific" Logic became fundamentally anti-scientific. Boosted by unequaled conceit onto the Olympus of transcendental "reality" it usurped the god-like power to determine this "reality" with own logical concepts and to impose it as the foundation of reason, of social ideologies and of science. In "reason" it culminated with Hegel's -So much the worse for the facts-, when facts contradicted his ideas, as well as in his "Dialectic" asserting that anything can be a "synthesis" of "thesis" and "antithesis", of Absolute Being and Nothingness. In social praxis this "reason" founded the ideologies of Lenin's, Mao's, Hitler's and other Gulags. In Science it took form of the transcendental mechanistic determinism which, counting uniquely the Aether Theory, caused the largest waste of time, resources, efforts and ingenuity in the history of Science. ("Aether and Dogmatic Thinking"). We live officially in a "logical" world, ruled by this absolute, transcendental, noumenalistic "Logic". "Logic" based Set Theory is the official foundation of Mathematics, which, in turn claim to be the most fundamental science. Human beings are classified, discriminated and exterminated on the base of absolute "logical" concepts, such as race, nation or religion.

         Contrarily to this established opinion it is our thesis that: WE LIVE CURRENTLY AMID THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL REVOLUTION. According to our definition this means that EPISTEMOLOGY became unofficially the SPECIFIC DOMAIN of our time, that the social, scientific and technological development have revealed new aspects of existence which cannot be even formulated, let alone solved with help of absolute "Logic", but require some other more conform context. This context, the Applied EPISTEMOLOGY, or, as Einstein called it the New Manner of Thinking (NMT), has already been conceived by him while defining Relativity Theories and is locally applied by small intellectual elite in chosen, deepest, scientific domains, mainly in Physics. However, it's applied there implicitly, without ever having been formulated as an autonomous Inferencing System.

       Creative physicists don't need it, it became their second nature. After Einstein, dealing with Physical Models is nothing else than the NMT on the go. And, perhaps surprisingly, Physics is the simplest of sciences. The aura of complexity surrounding it in the eyes of laymen is due to the relative complexity of its mathematical tools. However, once having mastered them, one discovers that they are there to express simply physical concepts and thus to render Physics extremely simple. Unlike Physics, the critical problems of human and social praxis such as demography, ecology or globalization cannot be simplified by mathematical formalisms and require explicit Inferencing structures to be formulated, not to mention to be processed and, hopefully, solved. In other terms, human and social praxis require extension of the NMT, inherent in current Physics, over the whole human Universe of Discourse, as well as its definition as an autonomous Inferencing System.

     That's what Einstein meant saying: A NEW MANNER OF THINKING IS ESSENTIAL IF HUMANKIND IS TO SURVIVE Relativistic Dialectic (RD) presented in this study endeavors to explicate Einstein's NMT as the emancipated Applied Epistemology, as an autonomous Inferencing System extended over the whole human Universe of Discourse and applicable for formulating and processing of critical human and social issues. It's "Relativistic", because the NMT postulates relativity of human knowledge. It's "Dialectic" because Relativity implies necessarily a basic dialectic or polar structure of apparently opposed, but in fact complementary terms or poles. RD has, of course, nothing to do with its unfortunate homonym, the Hegel's "Dialectic" playing in its ivory tower of extreme conceit with Absolute Beings and Nothignesses. Finally, the term REVOLUTION applies to our context literally: contemporary fanatical discrimination and extermination of hundreds of millions making Renaissance and Inquisition look like children play is one of social manifestations of "Logic" based dogmatic ideologies defending their obsolete establishment.