Evans Experientialism
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Relativistic Dialectics Relativistic Dialectics |
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| Georges Metanomski (D) Freedom |
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In one of the letters written to the Infeld
group in Warsaw Einstein wrote: |
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D_Freedom.
FREEDOM, the first dogmatic slogan written on the flags of
all `Republics' is as such, in absolute, a meaningless, empty
noise. (See "Meaningless Generalities"). The question if I am,
or may be free may have sense only with respect to a referential,
to a context. This context, as any system is more or less
strongly ordered with the fundamental Orderer Causality.
(See "Order", "C_Causality"). Pertinent to our question may only
be the future oriented Final Causality or Teleology. Indeed, I'm
certainly not free to act in any way on past events; once I have
kicked a dog, there is no way I may unkick it.
Thus, the meaningful domain of Freedom is that of Teleology.
Let's try to elucidate the gist of Teleology. One might,
indeed, object that relating the Final Cause to a future,
thus unknown purpose does not make sense.
Still, Teleological Models and procedures account for ALL our
acts, from most important, like deciding a world war to most
trivial like getting out of bed in the morning. Even science
while usually (not always) investigating Effective Causality,
reposes itself entirely in Teleology, whether conceiving its
Axioms (see "Dogma and Axiom") and Theorems, or planning its
experiments.
The following oversimplified description may give a first idea
of Teleology:
Let P,Q Effective Cause and Effect (i.e. both past) separated
by period DT.
Now, let's clone P to P1 recent enough for DT to point into
future.
Then we may clone Q to Q1 and consider this not-yet-existing Q1
as purpose of the Final Cause P1. The relation P1-Q1, clone of P-Q
will conserve the (degree of) Certainty of the latter. However,
while the Certainty of P-Q expresses our knowledge, that of P1-Q1
expresses our belief that this knowledge will continue to be just
as certain in future. Thus, KNOWING that gravity has been the
cause of innumerables past events we BELIEVE that it will stay
unchanged in the future and we send into the space a sonde
predicting that it will reach some far away planet in 10 years.
Eventual confirmation or contradiction of predictions validates
or falsifies the Model upon which they had been based.
NOTE: Validation does not prove the Model, while contradiction
of a single well constructed prediction falsifies and refutes it.
After these preliminaries let's move to the problem of Freedom.
As we have seen in previous chapters, Freedom is the reverse
aspect of Order: highly ordered systems have few degrees of Freedom,
chaotic ones have high, at the limit innumerable amount of them.
For a human being, the Freedom degrees of his referential represent
options of his choice. Thus, on the face of it, I am less free with
respect to a a highly ordered system than to one of lower Order,
my Freedom becoming illimited for a chaotic system.
However, under closer examination the problem appears more complex.
Let's consider the highway code. It's a highly ordered system.
It forbids me to drive on the left, to cross continuous line and
red lights, etc. In return it leaves one Freedom degree open: the
possibility to drive. Similarly, all social systems are ordered by
some code which blocks most of concerned rights leaving open only
very few. Thus, any social system may be considered in a large sense
as a kind of prison.
Perhaps a social system guaranteeing all rights, without restricting
anything would allow us to escape from all prisons and to be entirely
free? Well, let's imagine the system "Road" without highway code, an
entirely chaotic system with unrestricted Freedom.
After having evaded some trucks driving on the left and one or two
cars cutting in through red lights one will stop at the road side
surprised to be still alive. Driving became impossible. Newly opened
rights act as obstacles blocking the essential Freedom to drive. And
if you cannot drive, what is the use of the newly acquired Freedom to
drive on the left? Paradoxically, a chaotic system by opening too much
Freedom kills it entirely. Chaos, the absolute Freedom results in no
Freedom at all. A totally free system becomes the strictest prison.
In this light Order appears as "Freedom-to" granted by "Freedom-from".
Order emerges from chaos by closing most of hindering Freedom degrees
and leaving open only a few ones. In case they coincide with my desires
I consider the system as a good "prison", otherwise as a bad one.
In a good prison I am FREE FROM hindrances and FREE TO perform desired
actions efficiently. Ordered road grants me FREEDOM TO drive efficiently
by granting the FREEDOM FROM stress and danger. Order stimulates
efficiency and chaos paralyzes it. One can accomplish something only
with respect to an ordered system.
Illusory absolute Freedom of chaos and restricted, but real Freedom of
order are beautifully contrasted in Faulkner's novellas "The Wild Palms"
and "Old Man". In "The Wild Palms" Harry motivated by love refuses all
rules and conventions, goes down all steps of the social ladder and
finishes by killing Charlotte, the very object of his love for whose
sake he had claimed this absolute Freedom. In "Old Man" the Tall Convict
executes orders of prison guard and battles the great Mississippi flood
to save a pregnant woman. Free to stay out he returns spontaneously to
prison to find again the specific Freedom of his destiny.
The only Freedom we have is Freedom to choose a prison like the
Tall Convict did.
A Teleological Model, whether explicit or implicit may be seen as a
project encompassing some potential options each of which may be chosen
and converted into active Final Cause by virtue of human faculty of
volition. Faced with these options I am free to chose some or none.
However, refusal to chose is a particular choice, a decision committing
the future, so I am bound to exert my Freedom.
We are not only free, we are sentenced to Freedom.
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