E=MC^2 has deep ontological and epistemological
implication: It's an impressing illustration
of P(henomenal)-Equivalence principle.
P-Equivalence: A Phenomenon, say "Light"
is given exclusively by its observable Aspects.
Continuous Field wave and Discrete photons
are P-Equivalent aspects of the Phenomenon
"Light". Similarly, E=MC^2 illustrates
the P-Equivalence of Mass and Energy. This
simple statement has surprisingly deep implications.
Indeed, Mass and Energy have no phenomenal
sense and are just coefficients in formulas
representing phenomenal, observable construct
"Field". Mass is, for instance,
an uncognizable as such singularity of Field.
E=MC^2 implies P-Equivalence of Electoro-Magnetism,
Inertia and Gravity, which, seen from Special
Relativity appears as an anticipation of
the "Equivalence Postulate" and
of the General Relativity.
P-Equivalence has a fundamental ontological
and epistemological implications for Relativistic
Dialectic (RD) of the Second Enlightenment.
It supports the Dialectic view of apparently
contradictory but in fact complementary Aspects.
Of its implications for RD's Logic (CCA.
COGNITIVE NETWORK) we shall mention here
the ORR operator (exclusive or, either-or)
replaced in Cognitive Network of RD:-deductively
by "and" (light is wave AND corpuscle),-inductively
by "or" (observed wave OR corpuscle
verify the phenomenal Axiom of Light).
Notations
Unless they are elementary displacements
noted dx, dy..., vectors are usually noted
with upper case letters (A, B...) and their
components with lower case letters designating
indexes (i, j, k...) written as upper or
lower, following vector's name:
A .i
.j B
In ASCII context we shall write them with
help of brackets and slash, as follows:
A(i/), B(/j)
Upper indexes designate contravariant components
and lower indexes covariant ones.
Thus A(i/) designates the i-th covariant
component of vector A and B(/j) the j-th
contravariant component of vector B.
In cases when the variance is not yet defined
we shall skip the slash and C(k) will mean
the k-th component of C of unknown variance.
We shall write derivative of y with respect
to x as: d(y)/d(x) and partial derivative
of u with respect to v: p(u)/p(v).
Let's further introduce Einstein's indexing
notation implying summation over each index
repeated within a monome as upper and lower
one. Thus, for 3D:
A(i/)B(/i)=A(1/)B(/1)+A(2/)B(/2)+A(3/)B(/3)
This convention applies also to partial derivatives
as follows:
(px(/i)/py(/j))dy(/j) = (px(/i)/py(/1))dy(/1)+(px(/i)/py(/2))dy(/2)
+(px(/i)/py(/3))dy(/3)
NOTE: We shall follow Einstein's conventions:
lighttime l=ct, normalized speed v=V/c and
lambda=sqrt(1-v^2)
Pre-relativistic Maxwell equations:
p(B(ab/)/p(x(b/))=(1/C)(pe(c/)/p(t)+i(c/))
p(e(a/)/p(x(b/)-p(e(b/)/p(x(a/)=(1/C)p(B(ab/)/p(t)
and divergences:
p(e(a/))/p(x(a/) = D p(B(ab/)/p(x(c/)) =
0
Tensorial unification
Let's introduce tensor constructs Q(ij/)
and J(k/) corresponding to B, e, i, D as
follows:
Q(23/)__Q(31/)__Q(12/)__Q(14/)__Q(24/)__Q(34/)
B(x/)___B(y/)___B(z/)___-je(x/)_-je(y/)_-je(z/)
J(1/)____J(2/)____J(3/)____J(4/) i(x/)/c__i(y/)/c__i(z/)/c__jD
Note: Q(ab/) = -Q(ab/) due to antisymmetry
j = sqrt(-1)
Thus, Field representation may be merged
into two following forms:
p(Q(ab/))/p(x(b/)) = J(a/) p(Q(ab/)/p(x(c/)
+ p(Q(bc/)/p(x(a/) + p(Q(ca/)/p(x(b/) = 0
Lorentz Transformation for the Electro-Magnetic
Field: [v=V/c lambda=sqrt(1-v^2)] E(x/)=e(x/)
B(x/)=b(x/) E(y/)=(e(y/)-vb(z/))/lambda B(y/)=(b(y/)+ve(z/))/lambda
E(z/)=(e(z/)+vb(y/))/lambda B(z/)=(b(z/)-ve(y/))/lambda
Let's consider the force k acting at electricity
per volume unit: k=qe + [i, B] where i: speed
of electricity with unit as c [i, B]: crossproduct
The first component of k is: Q(12/)J(2/)+Q(13/)J(3/)+Q(14/)J(4/)
(Q(11/) vanishes due to the antisymmetry)
Components of k are given by -3 first components
of the 4-Vector K: K(a/)=Q(ab/)J(b/) -4th
component of K: K(4/)=Q(41/)J(1/)+Q(42/)J(2/)+Q(43/)J(3/)=
j(e(x/)i(x/)+(e(y/)i(y/)+e(z/)i(z/)=jL
Let's imagine a Body experiencing along lighttime
[l1, l2] the action of E-M Field. The changes
of its momentum
DelI(x/),DelI(y/),DelI(z/) and energy DelE
are given by: DelI(x/)=int[l1, l2]dl(int(k(x/)dxdydz))=
=(1/j)intK(1/)dx(1/)dx(2/)dx(3/)dx(4/) DelI(y/)=
... DelI(z/)= ... DelE=int[l1, l2]dl(int(Ldxdydz))=
=(1/j)int((1/j)K(4/)dx(1/)dx(2/)dx(3/)dx(4/)
As the 4D volume element is invariant, the
components of K form a 4-Vector
Terms transform in the same way as their
differentials so that the terms I(x/),I(y/),I(z/),jE
form a 4-Vector describing the momentary
state of the Body.
Now, this 4-Vector may also be expressed
with the Mass m and the speed of the "material
point" Body.
"Material"
Point
Let's recall that
-ds^2 = d(tau) = -(dx(1/)^2+dx(2/)^2+dx(3/)^2
- dx(4/)^2 = = dl^2*lambda^2 (01) is an invariant
which desribes elementary increment of the
4D line representing the movement of a "material"
point. If we chose the l (lighttime) axis
so that its direction is that of the concerned
line differentials or, as one says, we transform
the "material" point into "rest",
we'll get d(tau)=dl. Thus, d(tau) will be
measured with a solidary light-second clock
falling freely together. Therefore, tau is
called proper time of the "material"
point and d(tau) is invariant.
Consequently, we see that u(s/)=dx(s/)/d(tau)
has itself, as the dx(s/), vector character
and we shall call u(s/) the "4-Vector
of speed". According to (01) its components
satisfy the condition: sigma(u(s/)^2)=-1
Calling r(a/)=da/dl, the components of u(s/)
in the traditional notation are:
(1/lambda)(r(x/),r(y/),r(z/),j) (u(s/) is
the unique 4-Vector which may be formed with
speed components of a "material"
point.
Consequently
(m*dx(a/)/d(tau) ist for a "material"
point the 4-Vector equivalent to the momentum/energy
4-Vector, which we have derived above.
Equating the components we get:
Momentum, I(x/)=m*r(x/)/lambda ... ... Energy,
E(x/)=m/lambda
Momentum and energy tend to infinity for
V approaching c.
Calling energy of immobile "material"
point E(x/)=Eo and noting that for an immobile
" material" point lambda=1 we get:
Eo=m, energy at rest equals Mass. Choosing
second as unit of time we get
Eo=mc^2
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