A SOCIETY TURNED INSIDE OUT.

The long era of the tribal, egalitarian society of the Neolithic came to an end between 4,000 and 3,000 B. C. Archaeologists and anthropologists have documented that the early society of Mesopotamia had been guided by women and had a Goddess as deity.

During the Neolithic the men had been in charge of all the work outside the tribal area, being away for long periods of time doing herding, hunting, fishing, exploring etc. This all changed because of a number of advances and happenings. The rapid desertification of the Sahara caused an enormous exodus of the tribes living in these formerly productive grazing lands. Many migrated to areas of excellent soils where high quality agriculture was possible, such as the floodplains of the Fertile Crescent and the Indus valley, and the loess areas of southern Russia. Metal working and mining were invented, the camel and horse were domesticated, star navigation and ocean travel were perfected and all continents of the world had been discovered. The growing populations demanded improvements in food production with a result that over-population pressures and conflicts over land and resources developed. The settlement of the Saharan tribes in areas of agricultural potential kept the men at home, demanding more control over the running of the tribe. Centralized religious control from the Sahara had become difficult to impossible to maintain and a breakdown of the old gylanic society was inevitable..

The first change made by the men, who were now in charge of the tribe, was to dispose of the annual voluntary sacrifice of a special young man (Tammuz), which had been felt essential to bring back the summer and nature's productivity. He had experienced the exalted position of king, a bridge between the deity and the people, wearing the purple robe for six months after participating in the Sacred Marriage around May 1, and was supposed to have gone to his death on November 1 but refused, as was so well documented in the Gilgamesh epic. The end of female leadership can be deducted from the following quote in "In the Wake of the Goddesses" by Frymer-Kenski:

"The dynasty of Kish was founded by Enmebaragesi, a contemporary of Gilgamesh, who it now appears may have been a woman" (p. 79)

The "name" Enmebaragesi" tells us a story. When separating this "name" into its VCV components it becomes immediately clear that in this Sumerian "name" we are dealing with a scholarly manipulated statement in the Saharan/Basque language:

en. - .me - eba - ara - age - esi ene - eme - eba - ara - age - esi enetik - eme - ebakin - aragikor - ageriko - ezi from that time on - female - harvest - lustful - notorious - to domesticate "From that time on the lustful, notorious harvest female was domesticated".

The 'harvest female' mentioned was no queen, and she did not found a dynasty, but she likely was a priestess associated with agriculture, a real historical person. Her "name" tells us in no uncertain terms that the time of the Goddess was on the decline, because male domination had arrived. With this change in society and abundant agricultural production came an astonishing outburst of scholarly inventiveness. Some educated people were now able to devote their lives to pursuits other than survival. They decided that the time had come to disband the tribal system and to create city states and nations. The old, highly evolved, language of the Sahara was considered too closely associated with the Goddess society and had to be changed, as is clearly shown in the creation of new languages such as Sumerian and Akkadian.

INVENTING NEW LANGUAGES.

Somewhere in the Sahara the center of the first civilization on earth had developed and all people were taught the same highly developed language which I call Saharan. Those migrants who subsequently settled in the Fertile Crescent, Anatolia, the Ukraine and the Indus valley therefore all spoke the same Saharan language: "Now the whole world spoke one language (Genesis 11:1)". In the areas where male domination had taken hold priest/scholars were assigned to develop new languages which had no likeness to the original. The people settling in the Indus valley taught the Saharan language to the endemic population which today is spoken in the unmanipulated Dravidian family of languages (see Lahovary). The first efforts of manipulating the foundation language were probably made in Sumeria and at first were quite unorganized, some using the original Saharan vowel-interlocking agglutination formula while others just put original words together, or combinations of both systems. Examples of vowel-agglutination are the new words invented for king shown here in several extinct near-eastern languages:

Lugal (Sumerian) .lu - uga - al. ilu - uga - ali ilundu - ugazaba - alienatu to get angry - master - to kill a person "When the master gets angy he kills"

Sharru (Akkadian) sha - ar. - .ru xa - are - eru xahutu - arerio - errukigabeki to destroy - enemy - mercilessly "He destroys the enemy mercilessly.".

Hasshu (Hittite) ha - as. - .xu ha - ase - exu handizki - aserretu - exustez majesty/aristocrat - to anger - unexpectantly "(His) majesty angers unexpectedly".

Ereli (Urartaean) ere - eli errege - elizatiar king - pious "Pious king".

Ivri (Hurrian) iv. - .ri ibi - iri ibili (to be) - irrikan to be - ambitious "He is ambitious".

An example of assembling parts of Saharan words into new words and names without the VCV formula is: Nunbarsegunu, (an alternate name for the Goddess Nisaba, mother of Ninlil):

nun ' bar ' segunu nunbait ' barnatu ' segundu from nowhere ' to come in/appear ' second/instant "In an instant she appeared from nowhere".

From these and following translations I show that both Sumerian and Akkadian words and names are assembled by scholarly manipulation from Saharan/Basque vocabulary. The modern Basque-English dictionary by Gorka Aulestia is still perfectly suitable to translate these ca 4,800 year old names and words. This means that the modern Basque language has changed very little since that time. Other vowel-interlocking name are: Sumer, which tells of the peoples' arrival in Mesopotamia:

su - ume - er. su - ume - era sustraitu - ume - eraspen to settle down - child - devotion "The devoted children settled down".

Akkadia, the nation of builders:

ak. - ka - adi - ia aki - ika - adi - ia akigabe - ikasgo - adibide - iaio tireless - teaching - advice - expert "Tireless teaching and expert advice".

Could it be that the Sumerians and Akkadians were the same people?

All school children are taught that Mesopotamia is 1) a Greek word and 2) that it means "land between the rivers". Both statements are obviously incorrect:

.me - eso - opo - ota - ami - i. a eme - exo - opo - ota - ami - iha emen - exorzizatu - oporrez - otalurmendiak - amiltze - ihardunaldi here - to drive out/ to flow out - lazily - wild mountains - tumbling down - period of activity "Here (the rivers) flow lazily (after) a period of tumbling down the wild mountains".

In the flat land the two rivers are usually sluggish but in the mountains both are wild. The name Mesopotamia is agglutinated from pure Saharan/Basque vocabulary, not Greek. The proper pronounciation of Mesopotamia has to be Meshopotamia because eso (advice) makes no sense in the description, exo does.



THE NAMES OF THE RIVERS.

Two large rivers dominate Mesopotamia, the Euphrates and the Tigris, the pre-historic names of which are reported to have been Buranun and Idiglat. Both names are obviously made up out of Saharan/Basque:

Idiglat (Tigris) idi - ig. - .la - at. idi - igo - ola - ato idiki - igon - olatu - ator to discover/observe - to get higher - wave - Come! "I observed that the waves are getting higher, Come!"

Buranun (Euphrates) bu - ura - anu - un. bu - ura - anu - une burrundara - uraldi - anu egin - unean deafening noise - flood - fall back in fear - instantly "The deafening noise of the flood made me fall back in fear instantly".

When male domination arrived new languages were created and all geographical features renamed, but the new names carry the same message as the old ones:

Euphrates

eu - uf. - .ra - ate - es. eu - ufa - ara - ate - ezi eurizaparrada - ufatu - arao - aterperatu - ezinjasanezko downpour - blowing/wind - curse - let's get out of the rain - unbearable "The downpour and the wind are a curse, let's get out of this unbearable rain".

Tigris:

.ti - ig. - .ri - is. uti - ige - eri - iso utikan - iges egin - erioaldi - isola get away from here - to escape - agony - torrential rain "Get away from here and escape from the agony of the torrential rain".



THE EARLIEST WRITING.

Notations on stone, bone and clay have been known from as far back as 18,000 B. P., according to Marija Gimbutas in "The Language of the Goddess", but true writing did not come into being until the oldest known clay tablets were written in the City of Uruk some time before 3000 B. C. in a pictographic script. This script evolved into the extremely durable cuneiform script by 2,800 B. C., which was used on clay for close to 3,000 years. The first translation efforts were made around 1850 but no real progress was made until 1923 when the first Sumerian grammar appeared. In the intervening period, masses of clay tablets had been found and distributed to museums around the world. Many were treated as curiosities, carelessly dug up, stored without protection and often separated from the ones they were found with and even knocked in half to bring in more money. Much effort has now gone into reading them, but there still remains a massive amount to be done. In the meantime, the present political uncertainty in Iraq has seen to it that excavation was effectively stopped, but whole libraries are still thought to await the spade, to be brought to light by the next generations of students. A Goddess is given credit for the invention of writing: Nisa'ba, ni-isa'ba:

ni - isa ' ba ni - izaditu ' baimenagiri I - to create ' written document "I create written documents".

Sumerian is closely tied in with the Akkadian language, which is supposed to be a Semitic language. Akkadian myths were told in Sumerian, Hittite, Hurrian and Akkadian. Sumerian words have few, or no, vowels, but Akkadian words have vowels. The Akkadian writers appear to have considered Sumerian to be a classical language, similar to our academics using Latin. People in positions of command had their names designed in Sumerian, such as King Sargon:

.sa - ar. - .go - on. esa - ara - ago - one esaeratsu - arautzaile - agorgaitz - onegite wise - lawgiver - tireless - doing good "Wise lawgiver, tirelessly doing good".

Nin'Hursag was known as the Mountain Lady, Lady of the Foot-hills, Ninmah the Supreme Lady, Mother of all Children, Mistress of the Gods etc. The name Hursag is traditionally translated as either 'foothills' or 'mountains', however, although she had something important to do in the hilly country beyond the valley, this was not the translation. In order to supply the people in the valley with an adequate and reliable, potable water supply, an astonishing 80 km conduit was built from lakes existing in the eastern hills, much of it a tunnel, deep underground, cut through living rock. It still functions to this day, as planned so long ago. The translation of her name tells us what she did: Nin'Hursag

.ni - in. ' .hu - ur. - .sa - ag. oni - ina ' hu - uro - osa - ago onibilera - inauguratu ' hura - uroditza - osatu - ageriko prosperity - inauguration ' she - watertunnel/conduit - to complete - public "She inaugurated the completed water tunnel for public prosperity".



THE NAMES OF THE MAN WHO BUILT THE ARK.

Stephany Dalley, in her "Myths from Mesopotamia" (p. 2) provides us with seven different names for the man who survived the great flood by building a boat. The Sumerian name is thought to be the oldest: Ziusudra:

.zi - i. u - usu - ud. - .ra izi - ihu - usu - udi - ira izigarri - ihurtziri - usu - udikan - iragaile frightening - thunder - persistently - to go/sail away - boatman "The bargeman sailed away during the frightening and persistent thunder".

Atrahasis (Akkadian):

atra - aha - asi - is. atrakaleku - ahalik - asi - isola pier - as soon as possible - to start - torrential rain "He left the pier as soon as possible after the torrential rain started".

Utnapishtim, the wise priest of Shuruppak, mentioned in the Gilgamesh Epic (ca 2700 B. C.). This name is also thought to be Akkadian, however, the translation of his name appears to have nothing to do with the big flood or the ark. However, what Ms. Dalley thought to be his hologram: Ud. Zi could very well refer to the flood: udi-izi, udikan-izi
(go away - it's frightening). Utnapishtim:

ut. ' na ' pish ' ti ' im. uti ' na ' pix ' ti - imi utikan ' nabarmen ' pix ' tirriatu ' imiña get away ' immoral ' urine/menstruation ' to want ' a measure/ bit "Get away from here! To want some menstrual blood is immoral!"

Shuruppak:

xu - uru - up. - .pa - ak. xu - uru - upa - apa - ako xurugatu - urruindu - upa - apaiz - akordiozko to gulp - to despise - beer cask - priest - traditional "The traditional priest despised the gulping of beer from the cask". Here we may have the first admonition against public drunkenness.

Xisuthros (Babylonian): This name was used by the Babylonian priest Berossus in his book "Babyloniaca" (third century B. C.) to tell the history of the flood. It seems to be an alternate for Ziusudra or Atrahasis. The first letter X has to be a contraction of KS or more accurately: KZ: Kzisuthros

k. - .zi - isu - ut. - .h. - .ro - os. ke - ezi - isu - utu - uho - oro - osi keinatu - ezinjasanezinez - izubera - utxu - uholde - orroe - osintsu to threaten - unbearably - frightening - loud cry - flood - roar - very deep "The unbearably frightening loud cries and the roar of the very deep flood is threatening".

Noah, (Palestinian): noa is modern Basque and simply means: "I go" or "I am going".

Of the above seven names for the boatman who survived the flood, listed by Stephany Dalley, Utnapishtim and Shuruppak do not appear to belong in the story of the Ark. Atrahasis, Ziusudra, Noah, Kzisuthros and even UdZi qualify as authentic flood names.

A first millennium lamentation which refers to the flood is the "Uruamirabi Congregational Lament".
(Mark Cohen in "The Canonical Lamentations of Ancient Mesopotamia" Potomac Md, 1988.)

uru - uha - ami - ira - abi urrutiratze - uhalde - amilura - iragaile - abiaduran getting away - deluge - waterfall - bargeman - in a hurry "Get away from the deluge like a waterfall, the bargeman is in a hurry".



A RANDOM SELECTION OF SUMERIAN AND AKKADIAN NAMES.

Ama'ushumgalanna, supposedly the name by which the Priestess called the king who was her partner in the Sacred Marriage feast (Frymer-Kenski p. 59). More likely it is the traditional cry uttered by the Priestess at the start of the sexual union:

ama ' ushu - ume - galan - na Ama - uxu - ume - galant - -nahi priestess - cry of happiness - youth - handsome - desirous "The priestess' cry of happiness upon seeing the handsome and desirous youth".

Ammisaduqa (king of Babylon):

am. - .mi - isa - adu - uka ama - ami - iza - adu - uka amaitu - amildu - izadi - adurtsu - ukan to destroy - to oust/avoid - creation/engineering - fortunate - to possess "We avoid destruction (because) we are fortunate to possess engineering".

Anduruna (home of the gods), andu - uruna

andu - urunna pasture - distant/far away "far away pastures".

Aruru (mother goddess):

aru - uru aruntz onuntz ibili - urru to wander - far away "She wanders far away".

Assurbanipal (king of Assyria who succeeded king Esarhaddon and then extended the Assyrian empire to reach from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean and the Caucasus):

as. - .su - ur. - .ba - ani - ipa - al. asi - isu - uri - iba - ani - ipa - alu asi - izuikaratu - uri - ibar - anitz - ipar - alukeria to start - to terrorize - city - valley - many - northern - repulsive actions "He started to terrorize many cities in the northern valley with repulsive actions."

Astarte (one of the three prominent goddesses of Ugarit):

asta - arte astalarrosa - -arte wild rose - among us "A wild rose among us".

Badtibira (early city, rival of Uruk?, hardly):

bad ' ti ' bira badaezbadako ' -ti ' biraobota rude ' habit ' to curse "Bad habit of cursing".

Enheduanna, (daughter of Sargon):

en. - .he - edu - u. a - ana ene - ehe - edu - uha - ana enegana - ee! - edukitsu - uhalde - anaitu come to me - Attention! - powerful - flood - to unite/to gather "Attention! Come to me, a powerful flood is gathering".

Enki (god of pro-creation):

en. - .ki ene - eki ene - ekinbide my - initiative "My initiative".

Geshtinanna (goddess who sang laments for the return of her brother Dumuzi (Tammuz) from the underworld:

gestina - ana gestionatu - anaia to negotiate - brother "She negotiated for her brother's (return)".

Gudea (king of Lagash, ca 2200 B. C.):

gud. ' ea guda ' ea warrior ' emphasis/the best "The best warrior".

Hammurabi (early Babylonian king and law-giver):

ham. ' mu. - ura - abi hamai ' muga - ura - abiarazi many - restriction/law - he - to promulgate "He promulgated many laws".

Kazallu (early city?):

kaz ' alu kazeta ' alukeria writing on clay tablet - objectionable "Objectionable writing on clay tablet".

Lugal'raggesi, (king of Umma who laid siege to the city of Lagash and destroyed it". The following translation is obviously not his real name, but instead was written by one of his victims.)

.lu - uga - al. ' .za - ag. - .ge - esi ilu - uga - ali ' za - agi - ige - ezi ilundu - ugazaba - alienatu ' zaildu - agian - igesegin - esiketa to get angry-master-to kill a person ' to be difficult-I hope-to escape-siege "When the master gets angry he kills. It may be difficult but I hope to escape the siege."

Meskiaggasir (possibly the first king of Uruk):

.me - es. - .ki- ag.-.ga - asi - ir. ome - esa - aki - age - ega - asi - iri omenezko - ezalari - akigabe - ageriko - egapetu - asi - iri honorable - founder - tireless - public - to protect - to start - city "Honorable founder, tireless public protector, who started the city".

Urukagina (king of Lagash who protected his citizens from bureaucratic injustice.)

uru - uka - agi - ina urruindu - ukan - agintza - inarrosketa to despise - to have - legacy - fomentation/chaos "He despised to have (inherited) a legacy of chaos."

Zabalam (early city):

zabal - am. zabal - amodiozko generous - loving "Generous and loving".

Zulummar (goddess who dug the clay for Enlil to create humanity):

.zu - ulu - um. - .ma - ar. azu - ulu - ume - ema - ari azukre - uluka - ume - emarazi - arin sugar/sweet - crying - child - to calm down - quickly "With a sweet she quickly calmed down the crying child".



FOOTNOTE.

It is astonishing to me that the neolithic language of the Sahara has survived the millennia almost intact, while virtually all of the later languages, derived from the Saharan substratum, were greatly altered over time or by design, or have not survived the test of time. The fact that the very early Saharan language is still spoken in almost the same condition by the Basque people must have a very special reason behind it, possibly something to do with the incredibly accurate oral transmission of the legends and literature, which required a very high standard of education. Another reason may be that the vowels are extremely stable in Basque, while the consonants are stable in Indo-European and the vowels very unstable (e. g. sing - sang - sung), which may well have been done on purpose in the 'turning around' process.

The migrating peoples from the Sahara appear to have created the high civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, Anatolia and the Indus valley. Several archaeologists working in Sumeria commented on the fact that the Sumerian and Akkadian civilizations appeared to have no primitive base locally i. e. the people arrived there from elsewhere with all the knowledge of how to build such a civilization. They therefore must themselves have experienced this civilization in their place of origin, possibly in the neighbourhood of Lake Chad, where extensive irrigation canal systems have been spotted (NASA photography) and standing stones are still prominent. The original Saharan language is clearly detectable in all four early civilizations, as is shown above for Sumer and Akkad and in my website for Old Egyptian, Hebrew, Sanskrit and Dravidian.

Victoria March 17, 1999.

COMPARING BASQUE AND THE DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES

THE MAIN DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES.

About one quarter of India's population speaks Dravidian, a language family usually considered to have four branches:

1. Northwest: Brahui, spoken in Baluchistan,
2. Northeast: Kurukh and Malto in Bengal,
3. Central: Telugu, Kui and Kolami-Parji,
4. South: Tamil, Kannada, Tulu, Malayalam, Bagada, Toda, Kota and Kodagu.

There are four major languages, each having its own independent script and literature dating from pre-Christian times:

1. Telugu (Te), the state language of Andhra Pradesh, spoken by some 60 million people.
2. Tamil (Ta), the state language of Tamilnadu, spoken by about 45 million people.
3. Kannada, also called Kanarese (Ka), of the state of Karnataka with about 34 million speakers.
4. Malayalam (Ma), the state language of Kerala, with some 25 million speakers.

The Dravidian language family was first described in 1816 by Francis Ellis, a British civil servant who recognized the relationship between the four literary languages as well as Tulu, Kodagu and Malto. In 1856 Robert Caldwell added several more languages, Kota, Toda, Gondi, Kui, Kurukh and Brahui. He then took the Sanskrit word

dravida, supposedly meaning "Tamil," and used it to name the family.  We may presume that Dravidian was the language of all of India before ca.1500 B.C., a language which must have been identical, or almost so, with the Saharan language, at the time the migration took place. This was a more primitive form of modern Basque but the Basque dictionary could still be used to translate the Dravidian names and words in this article.

IN INDIA, BASQUE CAN BE DETECTED EVERYWHERE.

We don't have to look far in India to recognize Basque-related names and words, such as:

Himalaya, ima-alaia, imajina (image, scenery) alaia (pleasing): "Pleasing scenery."
Harappa, the famous 5000 year old city in Pakistan;harapa means "plundered" in Basque, fromharapatu (to plunder), which therefore can hardly be considered the true name of the city.
Goa, abbreviated from goardia (to stand guard), referring to the town's defenses.
Bihar, from bi-iha-ar, ibi-iha-arro, ibildari (nomadic) iha'urri (to scatter, to roam) arro (proud): "Proud roaming nomads."

In the spoken language we find thousands of examples of words related to Basque, such as kut (in Malto) meaning "to burn", kutu (in Tamil) meaning "to be hot, to heat up", while kutxer (in Basque) means "frying pan" in which xer or xerra means "small steak" (in Basque the "x" is pronounced as "sh"). The Dravidian words ole (hearth, fireplace) and ola (inside) correspond exactly to Basque ola (cabin, hut). Being unable to read the different scripts in use by the Dravidian peoples, I took the easy way out and used the transliterations and Basque translations provided by Dr. N. Lahovary in "Dravidian Origins and the West", published by Orient Longmans, Bombay, 1963. The page numbers in the following list refer to his book.

Page   Dravidian     English       Basque        English
164     ura             wife           urruxa         female
165     irru (Ta)       to bring forth   errun          to lay eggs
165     iru             to be          iruditu        to resemble
165     il              to be          illi (Berber)  to be
165     ul (Ta)         to exist       ulertu         to understand
165     aru             to give birth   aur            child
166     ali (Ma)        woman          ala            girl
166     ir (Brahui)     sister         arre           sister
167     kappu (Ka)      meat           kaba(l)        domestic animal
167     odal (Te)       body           odol           blood
167     biho            heart          bihotz         heart
167     pala            flesh          opa            offering
167     iracci (Ma)     meat           aragi          meat
168     suri (S.Dr)     to pour        isuri          to pour
168     ana (Ka)        breath         asnasa         respiration
168     naru (S.Dr)     odour          narru          skin
168     usir (Ka)       breath         usna           smell
168     u-suru          nose           sur            nose
169     sindu (Ka)      bad smell      sund-da        stink
169     kuku (Malto)    summit         kukula         summit, peak
170     buru (Te)       something round bular/burar     breast
171     karata (Ka)     skull, coconut  garaun skull   brain
171     mula (Ma)       brain          muin           brain
171     kara            height         garai          high, prominent
171     bhala           forehead        belar (Zuber)  forehead
172     gadda           chin           ganga          mouth
172     ba (Ka)         mouth          abo            mouth
174     begu (Ka)       to spy         behatu         to observe
175     kan (Brahui)    to know        ikan           to look
175     aks (S.Dr)      sight          ikus           to see
175     vili            eye            igi            eye
175     mugu (Ka)       face           musu           face
175     muso (Malto)    nose           musu           face
175     muti (Ka)       face           mutur          snout
175     motu (Ta)       stupidity       mutur          snout
175     mukka-ra(Te)    nose-ring      moko           beak
176     musu (Ka)       to smell       mustur         snout
176     ba (Ka)         mouth          abo            mouth
177     appu (Ka)       to embrace      apa            kiss
178     alasu (Ta)      to rinse       latsatu        to wash
180     ele (Te)        song           ele            story
180     gol (Ka)        throat         golo           goitre
180     karai (Ta)      to cry out      garrasi        shrill cry
181     kar-utti (Ma)   neck           garondo        nape of the neck
182     kai (Tulu)      hand           uka            hand
183     kurukh(C.Dr)    to seize       kargatu        to load
183     kadi (S.Dr)     to steal       kaldar         thief, scoundrel
184     adi (S.Dr)      foot           adar           foot of chair
184     anga (Tel)      stride         anka           foot
186     karu (Tu)       leg            garra (Navar)  leg
188     ola (Ka)        inside         ola            cabin, hut
189     bikku (S.Dr)    heart          bihotz         heart
189     alku (Ta)       vulva          alu            vulva
190     eru (Ka)        dung           errai          dung
191     tottu (Ma)      nipple         titi           nipple
191     borra (Te)      potbelly       zilbor         navel
192     pal (Ka)        milk           galatz         milk
192     putti (S.Dr)    to be born      puta           womb
193     pukku (S.Dr)    vulva          puta           womb
195     tshika (Tulu)   small child     txiki          small
195     tkuri (S.Dr)    short          korro          short
195     tkittu (S.Dr)   small          kuto           small
196     iri (S.Dr)      sick           eri            sick
196     kira (Gond)     old man        kira           age
        agura           old man        agure          old man
197     ala (Ta)        affliction      aldia          mental disorder
197     eriyu (Te)      to grieve      auri           lamentation
197     karai (Ta)      to cry out      garrasi        cry, scream
197     madi (Ta)       death          amata          to kill
197     mara (Ka)       death          marrakari      tearful
198     malagu (Ta)     to perish      malgu          soft, weak
199     adu (S.Dr)      age            adin           age
199     gasi (S.Dr)     hunger         gose           hunger
199     manku (S.Dr)    staggering      mainku         crippled, lame
199     ala (Ta)        afflicted      alusu          feeble, weak
199     alasu (Ka)      exhausted      lazu           weak man
200     elli (Te)       night          ilun           darkness
200     lamba (S.Dr)    to totter      laban          slippery, sliding
201     ema (Ta)        mother, female  ama            mother
201     amma (Ka)       female         ama            mother
201     pen (S.Dr)      woman          pena           sorrow, grief
201     ali             woman          alaba          daughter, native of...
201     al              male           ar             male
202     unmu (Ka)       birth          ume            child
202     maintu (Ta)     love           maita          love
202     maru-vu (Ta)    intimacy       marruskatze    fondling, pawing
202     appu (Ka)       to embrace      apatz          to kiss
203     manju (S.Dr)    amiable        maina          liking, pampering
203     iru (Ta)        come into existence iruditu    to appear
203     uru (Ta)        to give birth   aru (Berber)   to be born
204     atta (Malto)    grandfather     aita           father
204     apa (S.Dr)      father         ata            father (child's)
204     ana (Ta)        brother        anai           brother
204     asa (Kui)       daughter       aizpa          sister
204     ari             she            arreba         sister
205     ila (Ta)        youth          iloba          niece
207     maran (Ta)      bravery        mardul         robust, strong
207     marru           enemy          amarru         cunning, shrewd
208     buti (Ka)       man servant     botoi          man servant
210     burade (S.Dr)   head           buru           head
210     bhuka           opening        bukatu         to end
210     kara            height         garai          high
210     gubbi (Ka)      hump           gupi           deformed spine
210     kerki (Tulu)    throat         gurka          throat
210     suri (S.Dr)     to pour        isuri          to pour
210     khala           thief          kaldar         thief
210     kiram (Ta)      old            kira           period of time
210     konku           curved         makur          roundness
210     in (Brahui)     to say         min            tongue
210     pura (Malto)    belly          para           belly
358     ari             rock           arri           rock
359     kabi            cave, hollow    kabia          nest, hollow
360     kam             something round kamuts          blunt
360     kuku            summit, peak    kukula         summit, peak
360     men (Ma)        mound, hillock  mendi          mountain
360     murru           wall, quarry    murru          wall
361     padu            village        padur etxe     lake dwelling
361     turu            hill, mound     torre          tower
361     mugul (Ka)      flowerbud      mugil          flowerbud
362     bar (Ka)        stream, to flow ibar           rivervalley
362     ala (Te)        wave, surge     olatu          wave
362     garo (Kui)      deep hollow,dig goratu          to raise, to carry up
362     tura-i          stream, ond     iturri         source of water
362     sala (Ka)       to enter       salazar        country house
363     kara (Ta)       to wash         garastatu      to sprinkle, to water
363     pani (Ta)       rain           panin (Zuber)  water

THE GENETIC RELATIONSHIP.

A group of comparative linguists in the U.S.A. developed a system which they called the "lexico-statistical method" and attempted to put a percentage figure on the degree in which languages are related (M.Swadesh, Linguistics to-day, 1954). It is based on the percentage of resemblances between 200 words considered to be essential in a language:

1. the oldest names for parts of the body and its functions
2. pronouns and numerals
3. names for dwellings, children and families
4. domestic animals

The well-known Basque linguist A. Tovar followed this method to measure the degree of kinship of Basque with other languages of non-Indo-European origin. The closest relationship he found was with Berber (11%) followed by Circaskian/Kirrukaskan (7.5%), Coptic (6.5%), Arabic (3.25%). Then he asked Dr. Lahovary to try this method on Dravidian, with the astounding result of 50+%. This meant that, of all the languages tested so far, the Dravidian language was closest to Basque by far. However, the ease with which I assembled the long list of related Basque-Ainu words, makes it likely that Ainu could even be closer to early Basque than Dravidian. A student of the lexico-statistical method should test this possibility.

This method is of no use with invented languages such as Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, Hebrew, English, German etc. because all of these are made up almost 100% by formulaic manipulation and mutilation of the Basque/Saharan language.

WHY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BASQUE AND DRAVIDIAN?

It must have been a calamity of unprecedented scale which drove such large numbers of people from their homes in the once well-populated Sahara, starting about 10,000 B.C. Some of the Sahara tribes living along the Atlantic, Mediterranean and Indian ocean shores had developed excellent skills in boat building, sailing techniques and star navigation, which specialized knowledge was carefully guarded by the families involved. They became later known to the Egyptians as the Sea Peoples. Other tribes in the interior had no relationship to salt water and were dependent upon the Sea Peoples for ocean transport when the time came to seek a new homeland. All of these people had the same Goddess religion, a universal language called Saharan and strong oral traditions. It is likely that their Saharan language was the only highly developed language in the entire world at that time, the product of a marvelous oral educational tradition. History proved that they were well equipped for pioneering anywhere in the wide world. As Lahovary writes: "one of the most common linguistic phenomena is the ease with which a new language can impose itself on vast masses, even if spoken only by a relatively small minority, should this minority have political power or the prestige of superior civilization" (p371). To political power and civilization we might add the vibrant Goddess religion of the Saharans. The present evidence of significant remnants of the Saharan language in distant parts of the world shows that their language took hold wherever they settled.

All of these people believed absolutely in re-incarnation, which meant that a person, with all his/her knowledge and experiences, would live on in a newborn when the body died. Risk taking was part of the joy of living, even if lives of productive people were frequently lost. Reincarnation would then restore the deceased person to active life. It was all part of living. As a result, these people were timeless and they totally believed that it was their duty to continue with the tasks and ideals of their previous lives. They had no idea of what we call history because they were history themselves. A son would always follow in the footsteps of his incarnation, whether farmer, ocean navigator, herdsman or fisherman, a system which created enormous stability in their civilization, and which was also at the root of the caste system. The women were responsible for the home-front, the men for the out-service which included long distance exploration, ocean travel and trading, whaling, fishing etc.

Several writers have speculated about the origin of the Dravidian people and how they acquired their language and religion. There are two main theories. Most of the Saharans were white-skinned, but in or near Ethiopia there lived a population of dark-skinned and black people (and still there) who did not have the usual negro characteristics. It may have been this population from which the Dravidians descended. They may have been one of the last tribes to be forced to migrate when the killer drought finally hit their area. Another theory is that the refugees from the Sahara were white, who then entered the land of the indigenous people of India and introduced their language and religion. Like happened elsewhere, this probably quite small population of immigrants mixed with the dark skinned local population and in time the white characteristic were totally submerged. I favour this theory. Sailing east some 5 or 6,000 years ago, they had found Mesopotamia already fully occupied so they settled in the fertile Indus valley, where they built their villages which around 2,500 B.C. grew into major cities like Mohenjo-Daro and "Harappa". The Goddess religion was retained by them and further developed into the characteristic and artistic religion of today. The Saharan language was mixed with the indigenous languages of the people and over time these evolved into a number of related languages.

It must be noted that the Basques and the Dravidians have never been in physical contact with each other, living in widely separated areas, therefore the language they shared with the Dravidians must have been acquired from a common, Central Saharan source. The Basques and Berbers have a special characteristic which the Dravidians do not have: Rh-negative blood. If these tribes had ever been in close contact, that characteristic would have been evident today.

THE COMING OF MALE DOMINATION.

Some 3,800 years ago the thriving land of the Indus civilization attracted a large land-migration of tall, white herdsmen, coming from the Near East or the Sahara. They brought with them a new religion which they had created by turning the Goddess religion inside out. Where the old society was a gentle and matrilineally organized, yet egalitarian society, the newcomers were patriarchal warriors and extremely dictatorial; they promoted writing and forbade the maintenance of the ancient oral traditions. A start was made with the creation of a new language, later called Samskrta (Sanskrit), and eventually the speaking of the Universal language was forbidden. Under this new order the formerly highly respected and independent women became the property of fathers and husbands, to be given away, used, punished or disposed off at will, never to be without supervision of a man. They no longer had any say in the running of the tribe. For the resident dark-skinned Dravidians the choice was either the newcomers' way or slavery. The Dravidian peoples chose not to submit and decided to flee from the Indus valley. The newcomers, being herdsmen, had no knowledge of city management or desire to live in this manner and the ancient cities were plundered and abandoned. Those who stayed, mixed in with the new population and in time altered the character of the Caucasian herdsmen to create the distinctive race of people we see today in northern India and Pakistan. The majority of the Dravidians fled south and entered the area of other tribes which move created a domino effect of new and sometimes bloody conflicts, one of which, the Tamil fight for Sri Lanka, is still making headlines in our newspapers today.

URL of this website: http://www.islandnet.com/~edonon

© Edo Nyland 1996

MORE INFORMATION BELOW:

Excerpts

from Page 176

THE UNIFORMITARIAN PRINCIPLE

    This principle states:

"Unless we can demonstrate that conditions of language use have been altered in such a way as to affect language structure and change, we must posit for unobservable language communities the same types of structures and changes that we observe in the historical record and at the present time."
(Human Inheritance p.47)

    The task of demonstrating that conditions of Indo-European language use have indeed been altered to affect language structure and change, has fallen by default onto the shoulders of this retired forester. The burden of proof is the responsibility of those shaking the status quo. It is up to the shaker to provide evidence rather than for those simply defending that the evidence can be accounted for by existing paradigms. In this respect I have been told repeatedly by linguists that nothing can be true outside of the status quo. Therefore nothing outside the status quo needs to be investigated, which to me appears a sure prescription for continued ignorance and high intellect superstition. The wellknown linguist Don Ringe from the University of Pennsylvania apparently believes that it is up to the academics to vote on which changes proposed are acceptable and which must be rejected, because he writes in "The Human Inheritance":

"... everything in linguistics is relevant to our hypotheses about prehistory. A hypothesis that is clearly incompatible with anything that is already certainly known, must be rejected. That is one of the major reasons why proposals about linguistic prehistory from outside the field have been received with so little enthusiasm by linguists: whatever the individual arguments may sound like, it always comes down to a clear judgment by a large majority of linguists that the hypothesis is seriously incompatible with something that is certainly known, and thus violates the uniformitarian principle. Such judgments are necessary to preserve the integrity of the field, because if we abandon the uniformitarian principle, we have no basis at all for scientific historical linguistics." (p.47-48)

    By saying that in present day linguistics some seriously disputed statements are known with certainty, professor Ringe's historical linguistics has been turned into dogma and thus his discipline has no place in serious science.
    However, in spite of all this, I feel that linguistics can be a science again and does have a great future, but only if it ceases to be an academic fortress and becomes an openly discussed inter-disciplinary science, like geography, archaeology and forestry. In the future the discipline must demand from its students, as basic requirement, a detailed knowledge of the Basque language, which is the foundation of almost all advanced languages on earth. They also must study the evolution of religion and Bronze Age society and history, which so strongly influenced the formation of the Saharan/Basque language.

from Page 177

LATIN IS MANIPULATED BASQUE

    Students have long been taught that Basque is mostly borrowed and distorted Latin. The following examination of the words does not bear this out. Instead, it is clear from the following decodings of Latin words that this language is almost totally composed of formulaically manipulated Basque, which makes sense because Basque is a far older language than Latin.
    Latin endings (e.g. -us, -a, -um) are usually not part of the occluded sentence, even though for some a suitable meaning may be found. Where the desired VCV word was not available, a CV word was used for the first letters of the word e.g. contra, familia, pendeo. The first vowel of the words is in most cases purposely eliminated in the word construction process and here represented by a dot. There appears to be no rule to guide the use of 'h' between double vowels. If the 'h' could be used, it was (e.g. the i.a in enuntiatio, quantum); if the 'h' could not be used, it was ignored (e.g. distoare, familia).

    The meaning of the name "Latin" is interesting because it tells us that everybody had to memorize the invented words, whether they liked it or not:
Latin, .la-ati-in.

from Page 444 and 445

MANY HAVE SAID IT BEFORE I DID

    In 1825 the French Abbot Diharce de Bidassouet wrote in his "Histoire des Cantabres" that Basque was the original language spoken by the Creator. For that remark he has been ridiculed ever since. At about the same time the Basque priest Erroa maintained that Basque was the language spoken in the earthly paradise. For that his colleagues treated him as a harmless lunatic, however, Erroa was so convinced that he was right, that he appealed to the Bishop of Pamplona (Navarra) who referred the appeal to the Chapter of the Cathedral of Pamplona. This august body considered the matter seriously and, after several months of deliberations it solemnly gave judgment in Erroa's favour and publicly subscribed to his theory (Gallop p4).     Abbot Dominique Laetjuzan (1766-1818) had earlier concluded that Basque was the language of the Garden of Eden and wrote a book with the interesting title: "Essai de Quelques Notes sur la Langue de Basque par un Vicaire de Campagne sauvage d'origine." (Bayonne, 1808.) In it he showed that the names of the main characters in the Book of Genesis were all Basque in origin and had appropriate meanings. However, the church fathers in Rome were neither pleased with, nor supportive of, his findings and the abbot's research was forgotten.

DECODING THE NAMES

    In my Ogam research I had discovered that the first three letters, vowel-consonant- vowel, of each Basque word were used to agglutinate the inscription and that several vowels were subsequently removed according to a complicated system which allowed only specialists to decode the message. However, the consonant was never removed, unless it was an 'h.' As an example let us take Mozes which has three consonants to be separated as follows: .mo - oze - es. and immediately the letters oze' make sense in Basque, because they are the first letters of the word ozen, meaning 'penetrating voice.' Now the problem was to find out the two missing vowels, the first and the last. In both cases they had to be 'a' because no other vowels created words which matched with the penetrating voice:

    The majority of Biblical names can be decoded by this method so let's take some simple names:

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