THE REIFICATION OF THE *I* IN THE COGITO
12/08/2009
Antonio Rossin writes
The reificationalist habit in human
communication has become seriously
dangerous,
so much so that a corresponding neurological
imprinting has taken place. The question
thus becomes, whether this imprinting
is
the outcome of genetic inheritance
or is
educationally acquired dialectically
in the
familial setting and wider social domain?
But this is another kettle of fish.
Reading your very interesting formula in
your dissertation: Philosophy and the Reification of the Unreal ( 2007) a question comes to my mind:
Cui
prodest, the cogito ergo sum?
To the advantage of whom, goes the
affirmation:
"
I am, just because I think"?
It seems to me, the first ones to take advantage
of this existential affirmation, are those in
need of confirming the existence of the "
I " - starting from their own "I"
obviously - into it becoming reinforced,
proved and approved, intrinsically unquestionable:
in a single word - reified.
If so, Descartes' merit would
be in having provided the cogito for the benefit of
those people who subscribe to such
beliefs with a snappy wording which
satisfies their existential wish-fulfillments.
Hence, the core of the whole question would
not be the Cogito ergo sum but rather, it reflects the reificationalist
automatic pattern of behaviour 'in principle and in execution'.
I completely agree with you that
this reificationalist habit - has become
seriously dangerous, so much so that
a corresponding
neurological imprinting has
taken
place. The question thus becomes, whether
this imprinting is the outcome of genetic
inheritance or is educationally acquired?
But this is another kettle of
fish.

Yes Antonio. Your profound and percipient
observation raises another equally interesting
question. But first I agree completely that
in the Cartesian sense of *I* the cogito
is a crude attempt at the reification of
the soul, for otherwise he could of quite
as easily declared:
*I sit before the fire
watching beeswax melt - therefore I exist*
Such an equally absurd ontological tautologic
redundancy would have also worked to fool
the less enlightened elements within philosophical
community into viewing it as: *a profound* remark.
His choice of positing: *a thinking *I* as existing, rather than: *a sitting, watching *I* that is existing, is informative and pregnant
with meaning. Even a merely tenuous reference
to a body (which *sitting* and *watching* implies, would have introduced the corporeal
concept of a human soma into the formulation
aimed at confirming an existence of the *I*
which would immediately exclude the reification
of the apparently *en-souled version of *I*
which was the whole purpose of his theologically
motivated thingification of an existing dualistic *mind.*
As to the precise nature of his theologically
motivated thingification, we have Richard
Sansom to thank for providing
Damasio's observation, that the speaking
of the cogito may also have served the clever
purpose of accommodating religious pressures
of which Descartes was keenly aware, and
that the latter is a possibility, but there
is no way of finding out for sure.
[1] Antonio Damasio. Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason and the
Human Brain
For me an understanding of the errors at
the heart of the Cartesian system, (which
we will see in a moment) lies in Descartes's
discussion of the *equivocal theory of substance.*
The Cartesian reification of his theological
version of existence can be extrapolated
from the *I think - therefore I am* formulaic rendering of the cogito
as follows:
*I think - therefore God and
I exist.*
This conforms to his statement which
claims
to establish God as the only one substance
which can be understood to depend upon
no
other thing whatsoever, and that in
the case
of all other substances, he perceives
that
they can only exist with the help of
God's
concurrence.
Ergo - of him and God existing at the
same
time.
He expresses his definition of substance
thus:
*In the case of those items which we regard
as things or modes of things, it is worthwhile
examining each of them separately. By substance
we can understand nothing other than a thing
which exists in such a way as to depend on
no other thing for its existence. And there
is only one substance which can be understood
to depend on no other thing whatsoever, namely
God. In the case of all other substances,
we perceive that they can exist only with
the help of God's concurrence. Hence the
term substance does not apply univocally,
as they say in the Schools, to God and to
other things; that is, there is no distinctly
intelligible meaning of the term which is
common to God and his creatures.*
[2] Descartes. Principles of Philosophy. Philosophical Writings
of Descartes P. 210. 51. Cambridge University Press.
This means that in Descartes employing the
device of the cogito to establish the existence
of the *I* and at the same time attempting
to confirm the synchronal existence of God
without which no other substance can exist,
for to invoke the insubstantial human mental
*I* was to invoke it as a substance and is
a classical example of the reification, which
is to regard something abstract as if it
were a concrete material thing As again Richard
points out, Descartes claimed to have seen
an apparition of The Virgin Mary. Furthermore,
according to *Descartes' Dream*,[2] Descartes
was so bewildered by all this that he began
to pray. He assumed his dreams had a supernatural
origin. He vowed he would put his life under
the protection of the Blessed Virgin and
go on a pilgrimage from Venice to Notre Dame
de Lorette, travelling by foot and wearing
the humblest-looking clothes he could find.
Does this bizarre behaviour reassure us in
any way that when Descartes strayed from
the narrow confines of mathematics and geometry
he could be trusted to think rationally?
[3] Book: Descartes' Dream: The World
According
To Mathematics. 2005. Dover Publications.
*I* is simply a pseudonym of a consciousness
of one's own identity. It is a reference
to the catalogue of self-referential
neologisms
that mankind has created as synonyms
for
the primitive belief of early man that
objects,
including man himself, contain a *spirit*
- an incorporeal, supernatural vital
principle
or animating force or fundamental emotional
and activating principle determining
one's
character variously referred to as:
*the
self, ego, psyche, soul, mind, nous,
noesis,
cognitive content, episteme, anima,
spirit,
etc. which are characteristic terminology
of the object-action dualist. Such
philosophical
foolishness reminds me of the Trobriand
Islander
(today officially known as the Kiriwina
Islands)
who traipsed around the beach clutching
an
empty coca cola bottle. The old man
and the
empty bottle were inseparable. When
asked
why he carried it about endlessly,
day after
day, the old fellow replied that the
spirit
of his grandfather had taken up residence
therein.
Apart from the different spiritual venue
involved or the alternative localisation
of the liberated soul (residence in a putative
*heaven* rather than in a coca cola bottle)
humanities'perception of the occult dimension
don't seemed to have changed much over the
millennia between the more affluent and better
educated societies Western world and the
beach-dwellers of the Indian Ocean? Ah well!
It's a question of *horses for courses* I
suppose? But this is yet another kettle of
fish.
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