DESIDERUS ERASMUS
(ERASMUS ROTERODAMUS)
TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH BY N. BAILEY LONDON,
1725
AUTHOR HERE
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Colloquia Concerning Men, Manners, and Things
Desiderus Erasmus
First - a Short Biography.
Desiderus Erasmus was a Dutch humanist who
was born in Rotterdam. He was ordained priest
of the Roman Catholic Church and studied
at the Univ. of Paris. Erasmus' influence
began to be felt in Europe after 1500. It
was exercised through his personal contacts,
his editions of classical authors, and his
own writings. He was acquainted with most
of the scholars of Europe and his circle
of friends was especially large in England;
it included Thomas More, John Colet, and
Henry VIII. His editions of Greek and Latin
classics and of the Fathers of the Church
(especially of Jerome and Athanasius) were
his chief occupation for years.
His Latin edition of the New
Testament was based on the original Greek
text. For many years he was editor for the
printer Johannes Froben in Basel. Erasmus'
original works are mainly satirical and critical.
Written in Latin, the language of the 16th-century
scholar, the most important works are Adagia
(1500, tr. Adages or Proverbs), a collection
of quotations; Enchiridion militis christiani
(1503, tr. Manual of the Christian Knight);
Moriae encomium (1509, tr. The Praise of
Folly, 1979); Institutio principis christiani
(1515, tr. The Education of a Christian Prince,
1968); Colloquia (1516, tr. Colloquies);
and his collected letters (tr., ed. by F.
M. Nichols, 1904-18; repr. 1962). Erasmus
combined vast learning with a fine style,
a keen and sometimes sharp humor, moderation,
and tolerance. His position on the Reformation
was widely denounced, especially by Martin
Luther, who had first looked on Erasmus as
an ally because of Erasmus' attacks on clerical
abuse and lay ignorance.
Though eager for church reform,
Erasmus remained all his life within the
Roman Catholic Church. As a humanist he deplored
the religious warfare of the time because
of the rancorous, intolerant atmosphere and
cultural decline that it induced. Erasmus
was finally brought into open conflict with
Luther and attacked his position on predestination
in On the Freedom of the Will.
Dedication
D. ERASMUS ROT.
TO
JOHN ERASMIUS FROBEN
A Boy of Excellent Promise: Greeting
THE Book dedicated to you has surpassed my
expectation, my dearest Erasmius: it will
be your part to take care that you do not
disappoint my expectation. Our studious youth
are so in love with the book, seize upon
it so eagerly, handle it so constantly, that
your father has had repeatedly to print it,
and I to enrich it with new additions. You
might say it too was an 'erasmion', the delight
of the Muses, who foster sacred things. It
will be the more your endeavour that you
also may be what you are called, that is,
that you may be, by learning and probity
of manners, ' most endeared ' to all good
men. It were deep cause for shame, if, while
this book has rendered so many both better
Latin scholars and better men, you should
so act that the same use and profit should
not return to yourself, which by your means
has come to all. And since there are so many
young fellows, who thank you for the sake
of the Colloquies, would it not be justly
thought absurd, if through your fault the
fact should seem that you could not thank
me, on the same account ? The little book
has increased to the fair size of a volume.
You must also endeavour, in proportion as
your age increases, to improve in sound learning
and integrity of manners. No ordinary hopes
are placed upon you: it is indispensable
that you should answer to them; it would
be glorious for you to surpass them; disappoint
them you surely cannot without the greatest
disgrace. Nor do I say this, because your
course thus far gives me occasion for regret,
but by way of spurring the runner, that you
may run more nimbly; especially since you
have arrived at an age, than which none happier
occurs in the course of life for imbibing
the seeds of letters and of piety. Act then
in such a way, that these Colloquies may
be truly called yours.
The Lord Jesus keep the present season of
your life pure from all pollutions, and ever
lead you on to better things ! Farewell.
BASIL, August 1st, 1524.
THE SCHOOL-MASTER'S ADMONITIONS
THE ARGUMENT
The School-master's Instructions teach a
Boy Modesty, Civility, and Manners becoming
his Age, in what Posture he ought to stand
while he talks to his Superiors; concerning
Habit, Discourse, and Behaviour at Table
and in School
The Schoolmaster and Boy
SCHOOLMASTER: You seem not to have been bred
at Court, but in a Cow-stall; you behave
yourself so clownishly. A Gentleman ought
to behave himself like a Gentleman. As often
or whenever any one that is your Superior
speaks to you, stand straight, pull off your
Hat, and look neither doggedly, surlily,
saucily, malapertly, nor unsettledly, but
with a staid, modest, pleasant Air in your
Countenance, and a bashful Look fix'd upon
the Person who speaks to you; your Feet set
close one by t'other; your Hands without
Action: Don't stand, titter, totter, first
standing upon one Foot, and then upon another,
nor playing with your Fingers, biting your
Lip, scratching your Head, or picking your
Ears: Let your Cloaths be put on tight and
neat, that your whole Dress, Air, Motion
and Habit, may bespeak a modest and bashful
Temper.
BOY: What if I shall try, Sir?
SCHOOLMASTER: Do so.
BOY: Is this right ?
SCHOOLMASTER: Not quite.
BOY: Must I do so ?
SCHOOLMASTER: That's pretty well.
BOY: Must I stand so?
SCHOOLMASTER: Ay, that's very well, remember
that Posture; don't be a Prittle prattle,
nor Prate apace, nor be a minding any Thing
but what is said to you. If you are to make
an Answer, do it in few Words, and to the
Purpose, every now and then prefacing with
some Title of Respect, and sometimes use
a Title of Honour, and now and then make
a Bow, especially when you have done speaking:
Nor do you go away without asking Leave,
or being bid to go: Now come let me see how
you can practise this. How long have you
been from Home ?
BOY: Almost six Months.
SCHOOLMASTER: You should have said Sir.
BOY: Almost six Months, Sir.
SCHOOLMASTER: . Don't you long to see your
Mother?
BOY: Yes, sometimes.
SCHOOLMASTER: Have you a Mind to go to see
her ?
BOY: Yes, with your Leave, Sir.
SCHOOLMASTER: Now you should have made a
Bow; that's very well, remember to do so;
when you speak, don't speak fast, stammer,
or speak in your Throat, but use yourself
to pronounce your Words distinctly and clearly.
If you pass by any ancient Person, a Magistrate,
a Minister, or Doctor, or any Person of Figure,
be sure to pull off your Hat, and make your
Reverence: Do the same when you pass by any
sacred Place, or the Image of the Cross.
When you are at a Feast, behave yourself
chearfully, but always so as to remember
what becomes your Age: Serve yourself last;
and if any nice Bit be offer'd you, refuse
it modestly; but if they press it upon you,
take it, and thank the Person, and cutting
off a bit of it, offer the rest either to
him that gave it to you, or to him that sits
next to you. If any Body drinks to you merrily,
thank him, and drink moderately. If you don't
care to drink, however, kiss the Cup. Look
pleasantly upon him that speaks to you; and
be sure not to speak till you are spoken
to. If any Thing that is obscene be said,
don't laugh at it, but keep your Countenance,
as though you did not understand it; don't
reflect on any Body, nor take place of any
Body, nor boast of any Thing of your own,
nor undervalue any Thing of another Bodies.
Be courteous to your Companions that are
your Inferiors; traduce no Body; don't be
a Blab with your Tongue, and by this Means
you'll get a good Character, and gain Friends
without Envy. If the Entertainment shall
be long, desire to be excus'd, bid much good
may it do the Guests, and withdraw from Table:
See that you remember these Things.
BOY: I'll do my Endeavour, Sir. Is there
any Thing else you'd have me do ?
SCHOOLMASTER: Now go to your Books.
BOY: Yes, Sir.
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