Eliminative determinism claims that the repetitional
impingement of Hume's: *Regularity Theory* in *Causation,* is only partly correct -
and it is wrong to curtail the definition
of causality to exclusively regularly repetitional
impinging causal objects (billiard balls
and the like.) The reifications
*process* cause and change do not exist anyway
- only processing, causal, changing matergic (materially
energised) objects exist.
Each monad, indeed, must be different from
every other monad. For there are never in
nature two beings which are exactly alike,
and in which it is not possible to find a
difference either internal or based on an
intrinsic property.
G.W. Leibniz. Monadology. [9] 1714.
In order to clarify the idea we could
say that *cause* and *object* are *consubstantial.* or exists
materically as a energetic-material unity.
I use this terminological fictions only as
an ideational rundle which can be
stepped upon then kicked away when a person
has risen to an understanding of
the concept, for I do not wish it to be thought
that *cause* or *change* REALLY exist - even
consubstantially.
Hume was on the cusp of understanding
the fact of this existential unity when he
noted that: "we may define a cause to
be an object followed by another, and where
all objects similar to the first are followed
by objects similar to the second." (1)
(Hume. p. 869.) What he fell short of
grasping was that causal objects are not
just restricted to a similitude of objects
- but rather that ALL objects are causal
and the nature of their matergic
impingement on other causal objects and the
nature of the impingent of other objects
upon them is not confined to some morpho-physical
similarity but upon the nature of their individual
existential matergic modalities. An elephant
and a mouse are morpho-physiologically disimilar,
but they can act upon each other as impinging
objects just as morphologically similar colliding
causal objects such as biliard balls are mutually
impingemental and to a certain extent predictively
effected.
Hume was correct of course that we can quickly
recognise the cognitive link by the observation
of the repetitional effects of two random
objects such a billiard balls coming together.
I noticed it first when I used to take my
kids to nursery and watch them as they added
to their a posteriori knowledge of causal
objects by manipulating coadundate, interlocking,
coloured building blocks. If they persevered
pushing two together they clicked and *caused
* the ensuant bi-partite object to *become*
(say) the arch over a doorway in a toy house
etc. It is far less easy to anticipate or
to initiate a cognitve link when a
mouse and an elephant confront each other
as can be witnessed by viewing the famous
Mythbusters video here with surprising results:
http://www.xenvideo.com/2007/11/30/are-elephants-scared-of-mice-mythbusters/
Learning to predict the causal-effectional
outcomes of ergodic - or stochastic random
impingements, (I call it identifying
the *catenulate accountability*) where no
previous, impingemental or antecedal interactive
model has been formerly experienced to predict
values is an instinctual feature
of the way we are born and develop
as humans - apparently the same thing goes
for elephants too!
We utter a cry of discomfort
and food is felt in our mouths - we learn
that such an expellation of air from the
voice-box CAUSES milk to be available via
a maternal nipple or a rubber teat. Soon,
following regular feeding, we learn that
the teat in the mouth *causes* milk to run
down our throats. Thus, incrementally we
become acquainted with Hume's *Regularity
Theory* of * causation,* which for the eliminativist
has become the *regularity theory of causal
objects.*
The only way to grasp
my eliminative determinist position [or to
understand the material eliminativism of
the Churchlands for that matter] is to understand
that the old subject-predicative formalisation
of the past does not hold in the case of
what has hitherto been labelled *cause* or
*causality.* Change/cause is somatogenetic
and sui generistic - being the only example
of its kind applicable to ALL OBJECTS constituting
an ontological class on its own; unique to
ALL - not just to certain members of the
entiatic cosmic community. In other words
if we say that *all objects are causal,*
we must consider the term syncategorematical,
in that it imports, conveys or transmits
the nature of the predicate to the object.
Subject and predicate are reflectant mirror
images of each other.
Thus to compare and contrast and extrapolate
from St. Thomas Aquinas:
"Whether there is only one being in
Christ?" [2] (Scanlon Quodlibetal
Questions, IX, q. 2, a. 2 )
*Quia ergo in Christo ponimus unam rem subsistentem
tantum, ad cuius integritatem concurrit etiam
humanitas, quia unum suppositum est utriusque
naturae; ideo oportet dicere quod esse substantiale,
quod proprie attribuitur supposito, in Christo
est unum tantum; habet autem unitatem ex
ipso supposito, et non ex naturis.*
I assume it as admitted that every created
being, and consequently the created monad,
is subject to change, and indeed that this
change is continuous in each.
G.W. Leibniz. Monadology. [10] 1714.
Translation: (with an extrapolation added
in brackets by J. E.) Therefore, since we
only posit one (causal object) subsisting
thing [res] in Christ, [a causal object]
to whose completeness his humanity [the causal
object's changeability) accompanies, since
there is one suppositum of both natures (of
both causal object and its action), thus
we must say that the substantial being [the
way the causal object exists) which is properly
attributed to the suppositum, (the causal
object) is only one in Christ, (AS the causal
object) but it has unity from its suppositum,
( existing AS a causal object) not from the
natures.{ not from the abstraction; *causality*
inhering within it.)
Father Scanlon writes
*According to Aristotle (Metaphysics. v),
substance is twofold. In one sense it means
the quiddity (whatness) of a thing signified
by its definition, and thus we say that the
definition means the substance of a thing;
in which sense substance is called by the
Greeks ousia, which we may call essence (or
nature). In another sense substance means
a subject or suppositum, which subsists in
the genus of substance. To this, taken in
a general sense, can be applied a name expressive
of an intention; and thus it is called the
suppositum. It is also called by three names
signifying a reality - that is, a thing of
nature, subsistence, and hypostasis, according
to a threefold consideration of the substance
thus named. For, as it exists in itself and
not in another, it is called subsistence;
as we say that those things subsist which
exist in themselves, and not in another.
As it underlies some common nature it is
called a thing of nature; as, for instance,
this particular man is a human natural thing.
As it underlies the accidents, it is called
hypostasis, or substance. What these three
names signify in common to the whole genus
of substances, this name person signifies
in the genus of rational substances.*
David Hume was on the
way to it in Section IV. Sceptical doubts
concerning the operations of the understanding
part 1.- and made a tremendous leap of cognition
- but he just fell short of it. I held my
breath whilst reading the relevant passages
from AN ENQUIRY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING
waiting for the epiphanic moment of sudden
understanding or revelation and the final
explanation or critical exegesis which never
came.
*Cause* is actually exactly the same as *change.*
It is the only way that ANY object can exist.
Because *cause* or *change* is NOT PREDICATABLE
of the object - as it IS the object - the
way that it EXISTS - and people have not
grasped the fact yet, so I am forced to employ
the adjectives *causal* or *changeable* before
the noun *object.*
An eventuation can be
regarded as a collection of individually
necessary and jointly sufficient causal objects
[or changing objects if you prefer] for the
event to have occurred. Of course no *event*
or *eventuation DOES occur - only the occurring
causal objects exist and to *occur* means
the same as to *exist.* That they are individually
necessary causal objects means that if any
one of these causal objects had not pertained,
the event would not have happened - the causal
objects did not exist in that particular
spatial position at the requisite time. Determining
the identities of impingemental causal objects
and observing the results of the copuletic
impingements reveal the individual characteristics
by which a causal object is recognized or
known, and are the self same factors which,
were they to be avoided or duplicated in
the future, would avert entirely or initiate
future events with similar outcomes.
The [reluctant but necessary]
use of adjectivalisation at this stage in
the development of eliminative determinism
is not a *trick* or *word-play* in order
to ATTRIBUTE *causality* to the object
in a *round-about* way, but because the ontological
actuality is difficult to grasp for most
people, I am forced to write the message
on the blackboard in large letters and spell
it out in [what are for the cognoscenti]
unnecessary words - and the adjective *causal*
is such a word.
There is no *contradictio in adject*: (contradiction between the adjective and
the noun it qualifies.) The logos [adjectival
description] is a redundancy - for *causality*
is not a *property,* nor an *essence* of
an object. ALL COSMIC OBJECTS EXIST THIS
WAY - so an adjectival description is a redundancy
- to say *All objects are changing objects*
is tautologic, in that logically the statement
is necessarily true - for there would be
no object to speak of if it were not changeable
or causal and change and object are *sine
qua non* or essential conditions or elements
and indispensable entiatic modalities of
unity we call a causal object and its actual
existing as an objects.
I interpret the meaning
of logos as meaning *an account* or explanation*
rather than *order.* Additionally I am addressing
cosmic objects as noumenal entities which
have no need of *logos* or human accounts
and explanations to exist. The earth existed
for millions of years before human philosophers
stood upright on two legs with explanations
to account for its existence and our being
here as sojourners upon its surface.
I am not a Parmenidean
who attempts to ACCOUNT for cause or causality
- I dismiss it out of hand as mythic.
Lord Bertrand Russell
said the same thing about the cosmos * IT
IS because It is * but that is not my position
- I say the cosmos exists because it is impossible
for it NOT TO EXIST. Thus I give a reason
for it existing where Parmenides and Russell
did not.
It follows from what has just been said, that
the natural changes of the monad come from
an internal principle, because an external
cause can have no influence on its inner
being.
G.W. Leibniz. Monadology. [11] 1714.
If someone says: *Why is it impossible for
the cosmos NOT to exist?* I answer: *Because
if it were deterministically possible for
the cosmos not to exist - then it would not
exist - and it DOES exist, which means that
it is not impossible for it to exist, and
impossible for it not to exist, for it is
not possible to exist in a state of not existing.
If someone can prove that the *nothing* in
your empty fridge exists, I will personally
wire Walmart to fill it up free of charge
and bill it to my account. There was no *prime
mover* because there was never any *Prime
Move.* Not to exist is not an option of the
existential imperative.
The archai or “principles” which were the common quest
of Ionian inquiry might be historical “origins,”
“units” composing the material world, or
“axioms” of scientific theory.
While they are at it - perhaps that can
explain how *nothing* can either exist or not exist in their
refrigerator or in the cosmos in general?
As for *one* and *two* they are just useful
fictions and do not exist any more than 1000,000
exists.
If I say to a person *Show me an example of *one* they wil try to cheat me and show me a single
*orange* - which of course is not *one* at
all, but that entity which is the nominatum
of the English word *orange.* If I say to
him *Show me an example of two* he wil try to cheat me and show me two *oranges.*